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When Browsers Become the Attack Surface: Rethinking Security for Scattered Spider

When Browsers Become the Attack Surface: Rethinking Security for Scattered Spider

Sep 01, 2025 Browser Security / Threat Intelligence
As enterprises continue to shift their operations to the browser, security teams face a growing set of cyber challenges. In fact, over 80% of security incidents now originate from web applications accessed via Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and other browsers. One particularly fast-evolving adversary, Scattered Spider, has made it their mission to wreak havoc on enterprises by specifically targeting sensitive data on these browsers. Scattered Spider, also referred to as UNC3944, Octo Tempest, or Muddled Libra, has matured over the past two years through precision targeting of human identity and browser environments. This shift differentiates them from other notorious cybergangs like Lazarus Group, Fancy Bear, and REvil. If sensitive information such as your calendar, credentials, or security tokens is alive and well in browser tabs, Scattered Spider is able to acquire them.  In this article, you’ll learn details about Scattered Spider’s attack methods and how you can stop them in their ...
WhatsApp Malware 'Maverick' Hijacks Browser Sessions to Target Brazil's Biggest Banks

WhatsApp Malware 'Maverick' Hijacks Browser Sessions to Target Brazil's Biggest Banks

Nov 11, 2025 Malware / Botnet
Threat hunters have uncovered similarities between a banking malware called Coyote and a newly disclosed malicious program dubbed Maverick that has been propagated via WhatsApp. According to a report from CyberProof, both malware strains are written in .NET, target Brazilian users and banks, and feature identical functionality to decrypt, targeting banking URLs and monitor banking applications. More importantly, both include the ability to spread through WhatsApp Web . Maverick was first documented by Trend Micro early last month, attributing it to a threat actor dubbed Water Saci . The campaign involves two components: A self-propagating malware referred to as SORVEPOTEL that's spread via the desktop web version of WhatsApp and is used to deliver a ZIP archive containing the Maverick payload. The malware is designed to monitor active browser window tabs for URLs that match a hard-coded list of financial institutions in Latin America. Should the URLs match, it establishes con...
How the Browser Became the Main Cyber Battleground

How the Browser Became the Main Cyber Battleground

Jul 29, 2025 Endpoint Protection / Identity Management
Until recently, the cyber attacker methodology behind the biggest breaches of the last decade or so has been pretty consistent: Compromise an endpoint via software exploit, or social engineering a user to run malware on their device;  Find ways to move laterally inside the network and compromise privileged identities; Repeat as needed until you can execute your desired attack — usually stealing data from file shares, deploying ransomware, or both.  But attacks have fundamentally changed as networks have evolved. With the SaaS-ification of enterprise IT, core business systems aren’t locally deployed and centrally managed in the way they used to be. Instead, they’re logged into over the internet, and accessed via a web browser. Attacks have shifted from targeting local networks to SaaS services, accessed through employee web browsers. Under the shared responsibility model, the part that’s left to the business consuming a SaaS service is mostly constrained to how they ma...
cyber security

Eliminate Shadow AI Blind Spots

websiteNudge SecuritySaaS Security / Shadow AI
Shadow AI is quietly accessing sensitive data across your SaaS environment. Learn how to close AI blind spots and get ahead of data exposure risks.
cyber security

OpenClaw: RCE, Leaked Tokens, and 21K Exposed Instances in 2 Weeks

websiteReco AIAttack Surface / AI Agents
The viral AI agent connects to Slack, Gmail, and Drive—and most security teams have zero visibility into it.
How AitM Phishing Attacks Bypass MFA and EDR—and How to Fight Back

How AitM Phishing Attacks Bypass MFA and EDR—and How to Fight Back

Aug 29, 2024 Identity Protection / Online Threat
Attackers are increasingly using new phishing toolkits (open-source, commercial, and criminal) to execute adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) attacks. AitM enables attackers to not just harvest credentials but steal live sessions, allowing them to bypass traditional phishing prevention controls such as MFA, EDR, and email content filtering. In this article, we’re going to look at what AitM phishing is, how it works, and what organizations need to be able to detect and block these attacks effectively. What is AitM phishing? AitM phishing is a technique that uses dedicated tooling to act as a proxy between the target and a legitimate login portal for an application.  As it’s a proxy to the real application, the page will appear exactly as the user expects, because they are logging into the legitimate site – just taking a detour via the attacker’s device. For example, if accessing their webmail, the user will see all their real emails; if accessing their cloud file store then all the...
Matrix Push C2 Uses Browser Notifications for Fileless, Cross-Platform Phishing Attacks

Matrix Push C2 Uses Browser Notifications for Fileless, Cross-Platform Phishing Attacks

Nov 22, 2025 Browser Security / Cybercrime
Bad actors are leveraging browser notifications as a vector for phishing attacks to distribute malicious links by means of a new command-and-control (C2) platform called Matrix Push C2. "This browser-native, fileless framework leverages push notifications, fake alerts, and link redirects to target victims across operating systems," Blackfog researcher Brenda Robb said in a Thursday report. In these attacks, prospective targets are tricked into allowing browser notifications through social engineering on malicious or legitimate-but-compromised websites. Once a user agrees to receive notifications from the site, the attackers take advantage of the web push notification mechanism built into the web browser to send alerts that look like they have been sent by the operating system or the browser itself, leveraging trusted branding, familiar logos, and convincing language to maintain the ruse. These include alerts about, say, suspicious logins or browser updates, along with ...
Hackers Use Fake VPN and Browser NSIS Installers to Deliver Winos 4.0 Malware

Hackers Use Fake VPN and Browser NSIS Installers to Deliver Winos 4.0 Malware

May 25, 2025 Threat Intelligence / Software Security
Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed a malware campaign that uses fake software installers masquerading as popular tools like LetsVPN and QQ Browser to deliver the Winos 4.0 framework. The campaign, first detected by Rapid7 in February 2025, involves the use of a multi-stage, memory-resident loader called Catena. "Catena uses embedded shellcode and configuration switching logic to stage payloads like Winos 4.0 entirely in memory, evading traditional antivirus tools," security researchers Anna Širokova and Ivan Feigl said . "Once installed, it quietly connects to attacker-controlled servers – mostly hosted in Hong Kong – to receive follow-up instructions or additional malware." The attacks, like those that have deployed Winos 4.0 in the past, appear to focus specifically on Chinese-speaking environments, with the cybersecurity company calling out the "careful, long-term planning" by a very capable threat actor. Winos 4.0 (aka ValleyRAT) was first ...
ChatGPT Atlas Browser Can Be Tricked by Fake URLs into Executing Hidden Commands

ChatGPT Atlas Browser Can Be Tricked by Fake URLs into Executing Hidden Commands

Oct 27, 2025 AI Security / Vulnerability
The newly released OpenAI ChatGPT Atlas web browser has been found to be susceptible to a prompt injection attack where its omnibox can be jailbroken by disguising a malicious prompt as a seemingly harmless URL to visit. "The omnibox (combined address/search bar) interprets input either as a URL to navigate to, or as a natural-language command to the agent," NeuralTrust said in a report published Friday. "We've identified a prompt injection technique that disguises malicious instructions to look like a URL, but that Atlas treats as high-trust 'user intent' text, enabling harmful actions." Last week, OpenAI launched Atlas as a web browser with built-in ChatGPT capabilities to assist users with web page summarization, inline text editing, and agentic functions. In the attack outlined by the artificial intelligence (AI) security company, an attacker can take advantage of the browser's lack of strict boundaries between trusted user input and untru...
Vietnamese Hackers Using New Delphi-Powered Malware to Target Indian Marketers

Vietnamese Hackers Using New Delphi-Powered Malware to Target Indian Marketers

Nov 14, 2023 ChatGPT / Malware
The Vietnamese threat actors behind the Ducktail stealer malware have been linked to a new campaign that ran between March and early October 2023, targeting marketing professionals in India with an aim to hijack Facebook business accounts. "An important feature that sets it apart is that, unlike previous campaigns, which relied on .NET applications, this one used Delphi as the programming language," Kaspersky  said  in a report published last week. Ducktail , alongside  Duckport  and  NodeStealer , is part of a  cybercrime ecosystem  operating out of Vietnam, with the attackers primarily using sponsored ads on Facebook to propagate malicious ads and deploy malware capable of plundering victims' login cookies and ultimately taking control of their accounts. Such attacks primarily single out users who may have access to a Facebook Business account. The fraudsters then use the unauthorized access to place advertisements for financial gain, perpetuatin...
A Browser Extension Risk Guide After the ShadyPanda Campaign

A Browser Extension Risk Guide After the ShadyPanda Campaign

Dec 15, 2025 Browser Security / SaaS Security
In early December 2025, security researchers exposed a cybercrime campaign that had quietly hijacked popular Chrome and Edge browser extensions on a massive scale. A threat group dubbed ShadyPanda spent seven years playing the long game, publishing or acquiring harmless extensions, letting them run clean for years to build trust and gain millions of installs, then suddenly flipping them into malware via silent updates. In total, about 4.3 million users installed these once-legitimate add-ons, which suddenly went rogue with spyware and backdoor capabilities. This tactic was essentially a browser extension supply-chain attack. The ShadyPanda operators even earned featured and verified badges in the official Chrome Web Store and Microsoft Edge Add-ons site for some extensions, reinforcing user confidence. Because extension updates happen automatically in the background, the attackers were able to push out malicious code without users noticing a thing. Once activated in mid-2024, the...
Lazarus Subgroup Targeting Apple Devices with New RustBucket macOS Malware

Lazarus Subgroup Targeting Apple Devices with New RustBucket macOS Malware

Apr 25, 2023 Endpoint Security / Cyber Attack
A financially-motivated North Korean threat actor is suspected to be behind a new Apple macOS malware strain called  RustBucket . "[RustBucket] communicates with command and control (C2) servers to download and execute various payloads," Jamf Threat Labs researchers Ferdous Saljooki and Jaron Bradley  said  in a technical report published last week.  The Apple device management company attributed it to a threat actor known as BlueNoroff, a subgroup within the infamous Lazarus cluster that's also tracked under the monikers APT38, Nickel Gladstone, Sapphire Sleet, Stardust Chollima, and TA444. The connections stem from tactical and infrastructure overlaps with a  prior campaign  exposed by Russian cybersecurity company Kaspersky in late December 2022 likely aimed at Japanese financial entities using fake domains impersonating venture capital firms. BlueNoroff, unlike other constituent entities of the Lazarus Group, is known for its  sophisticated ...
ClickFix Attacks Expand Using Fake CAPTCHAs, Microsoft Scripts, and Trusted Web Services

ClickFix Attacks Expand Using Fake CAPTCHAs, Microsoft Scripts, and Trusted Web Services

Jan 27, 2026 Malware / Enterprise Security
Cybersecurity researchers have disclosed details of a new campaign that combines ClickFix -style fake CAPTCHAs with a signed Microsoft Application Virtualization ( App-V ) script to distribute an information stealer called Amatera . "Instead of launching PowerShell directly, the attacker uses this script to control how execution begins and to avoid more common, easily recognized execution paths," Blackpoint researchers Jack Patrick and Sam Decker said in a report published last week. In doing so, the idea is to transform the App-V script into a living-off-the-land (LotL) binary that proxies the execution of PowerShell through a trusted Microsoft component to conceal the malicious activity. The starting point of the attack is a fake CAPTCHA verification prompt that seeks to trick users into pasting and executing a malicious command on the Windows Run dialog. But here is where the attack diverges from traditional ClickFix attacks. The supplied command, rather than invokin...
Beware: Fake Google Meet Pages Deliver Infostealers in Ongoing ClickFix Campaign

Beware: Fake Google Meet Pages Deliver Infostealers in Ongoing ClickFix Campaign

Oct 18, 2024 Threat Intelligence / Phishing Attack
Threat actors are leveraging fake Google Meet web pages as part of an ongoing malware campaign dubbed ClickFix to deliver infostealers targeting Windows and macOS systems. "This tactic involves displaying fake error messages in web browsers to deceive users into copying and executing a given malicious PowerShell code, finally infecting their systems," French cybersecurity company Sekoia said in a report shared with The Hacker News. Variations of the ClickFix (aka ClearFake and OneDrive Pastejacking) campaign have been reported widely in recent months , with threat actors employing different lures to redirect users to bogus pages that aim to deploy malware by urging site visitors to run an encoded PowerShell code to address a supposed issue with displaying content in the web browser. These pages are known to masquerade as popular online services, including Facebook, Google Chrome, PDFSimpli, and reCAPTCHA, and now Google Meet as well as potentially Zoom - meet.googl...
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