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Fortinet on Wednesday said it observed "recent abuse" of a five-year-old security flaw in FortiOS SSL VPN in the wild under certain configurations. The vulnerability in question is CVE-2020-12812 (CVSS score: 5.2), an improper authentication vulnerability in SSL VPN in FortiOS that could allow a user to log in successfully without being prompted for the second factor of authentication if the case of the username was changed. "This happens when two-factor authentication is enabled in the 'user local' setting, and that user authentication type is set to a remote authentication method (e.g., LDAP)," Fortinet noted in July 2020. "The issue exists because of inconsistent case-sensitive matching among the local and remote authentication."

A novel attack technique could be weaponized to rope thousands of public domain controllers (DCs) around the world to create a malicious botnet and use it to conduct powerful distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. The approach has been codenamed Win-DDoS by SafeBreach researchers Or Yair and Shahak Morag, who presented their findings at the DEF CON 33 security conference today. "As we explored the intricacies of the Windows LDAP client code, we discovered a significant flaw that allowed us to manipulate the URL referral process to point DCs at a victim server to overwhelm it," Yair and Morag said in a report shared with The Hacker News. "As a result, we were able to create Win-DDoS, a technique that would enable an attacker to harness the power of tens of thousands of public DCs around the world to create a malicious botnet with vast resources and upload rates. All without purchasing anything and without leaving a traceable footprint." In transforming...

As part of this month's Patch Tuesday , Microsoft has released security patches for a serious privilege escalation vulnerability which affect all versions of its Windows operating system for enterprises released since 2007. Researchers at behavioral firewall specialist Preempt discovered two zero-day vulnerabilities in Windows NTLM security protocols, both of which allow attackers to create a new domain administrator account and get control of the entire domain. NT LAN Manager (NTLM) is an old authentication protocol used on networks that include systems running the Windows operating system and stand-alone systems. Although NTLM was replaced by Kerberos in Windows 2000 that adds greater security to systems on a network, NTLM is still supported by Microsoft and continues to be used widely. The first vulnerability involves unprotected Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) from NTLM relay, and the second impact Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Restricted-Admin mode. L...

The maintainers of the NGINX web server project have issued mitigations to address security weaknesses in its Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP ) Reference Implementation. "NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus are not themselves affected, and no corrective action is necessary if you do not use the reference implementation," Liam Crilly and Timo Stark of F5 Networks  said  in an advisory published Monday. NGINX said that the  reference implementation , which  uses LDAP to authenticate users , is impacted only under three conditions if the deployments involve - Command-line parameters to configure the Python-based reference implementation daemon Unused, optional configuration parameters, and Specific group membership to carry out LDAP authentication Should any of the aforementioned conditions be met, an attacker could potentially override the configuration parameters by sending specially crafted HTTP request headers and even bypass group membership re...

Microsoft closed out its Patch Tuesday updates for 2024 with fixes for a total of 72 security flaws spanning its software portfolio, including one that it said has been exploited in the wild. Of the 72 flaws, 17 are rated Critical, 54 are rated Important, and one is rated Moderate in severity. Thirty-one of the vulnerabilities are remote code execution flaws, and 27 of them allow for the elevation of privileges. This is in addition to 13 vulnerabilities the company has addressed in its Chromium-based Edge browser since the release of last month's security update . In total, Microsoft has resolved as many as 1,088 vulnerabilities in 2024 alone, per Fortra. The vulnerability that Microsoft has acknowledged as having been actively exploited is CVE-2024-49138 (CVSS score: 7.8), a privilege escalation flaw in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) Driver. "An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could gain SYSTEM privileges," the company said in an...

A proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit has been released for a now-patched security flaw impacting Windows Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) that could trigger a denial-of-service (DoS) condition. The out-of-bounds reads vulnerability is tracked as CVE-2024-49113 (CVSS score: 7.5). It was addressed by Microsoft as part of Patch Tuesday updates for December 2024, alongside CVE-2024-49112 (CVSS score: 9.8), a critical integer overflow flaw in the same component that could result in remote code execution. Credited with discovering and reporting both vulnerabilities is independent security researcher Yuki Chen ( @guhe120 ). The CVE-2024-49113 PoC devised by SafeBreach Labs, codenamed LDAPNightmare , is designed to crash any unpatched Windows Server "with no pre-requisites except that the DNS server of the victim DC has Internet connectivity."  Specifically, it entails sending a DCE/RPC request to the victim server, ultimately causing the Local Security Authority Su...

The Russia-linked APT29 nation-state actor has been found leveraging a "lesser-known" Windows feature called Credential Roaming following a successful phishing attack against an unnamed European diplomatic entity. "The diplomatic-centric targeting is consistent with Russian strategic priorities as well as historic APT29 targeting," Mandiant researcher Thibault Van Geluwe de Berlaere  said  in a technical write-up. APT29, a Russian espionage group also called Cozy Bear, Iron Hemlock, and The Dukes, is  known  for its intrusions aimed at collecting intelligence that align with the country's strategic objectives. It's believed to be sponsored by the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR). Some of the adversarial collective's cyber activities are tracked publicly under the moniker  Nobelium , a threat cluster responsible for the widespread supply chain compromise through SolarWinds software in December 2020. The Google-owned threat intelligence and inciden...

Security vulnerabilities have been disclosed in Xerox VersaLink C7025 Multifunction printers (MFPs) that could allow attackers to capture authentication credentials via pass-back attacks via Lightweight Directory Access Protocol ( LDAP ) and SMB/FTP services. "This pass-back style attack leverages a vulnerability that allows a malicious actor to alter the MFP's configuration and cause the MFP device to send authentication credentials back to the malicious actor," Rapid7 security researcher Deral Heiland said . "If a malicious actor can successfully leverage these issues, it would allow them to capture credentials for Windows Active Directory. This means they could then move laterally within an organization's environment and compromise other critical Windows servers and file systems." The identified vulnerabilities, which affect firmware versions 57.69.91 and earlier, are listed below - CVE-2024-12510 (CVSS score: 6.7) - Pass-back attack via LDAP CVE-202...

UPDATE — The severity score of CVE-2021-45046, originally classified as a DoS bug, has since been revised from 3.7 to 9.0, to reflect the fact that an attacker could abuse the vulnerability to send a specially crafted string that leads to "information leak and remote code execution in some environments and local code execution in all environments." The Apache Software Foundation (ASF) has pushed out a new fix for the Log4j logging utility after the previous patch for the recently disclosed  Log4Shell  exploit was deemed as "incomplete in certain non-default configurations." The second vulnerability — tracked as  CVE-2021-45046  — is rated 3.7 out of a maximum of 10 on the CVSS rating system and affects all versions of Log4j from 2.0-beta9 through 2.12.1 and 2.13.0 through 2.15.0, which the project maintainers shipped last week to address a critical remote code execution vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228) that could be abused to infiltrate and take over systems. ...

Microsoft on Wednesday disclosed details of a new security vulnerability in SolarWinds Serv-U software that it said was being weaponized by threat actors to propagate attacks leveraging the Log4j flaws to compromise targets. Tracked as  CVE-2021-35247  (CVSS score: 5.3), the issue is an "input validation vulnerability that could allow attackers to build a query given some input and send that query over the network without sanitation," Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC)  said . The flaw, which was discovered by security researcher Jonathan Bar Or, affects Serv-U versions 15.2.5 and prior, and has been addressed in Serv-U version 15.3. "The Serv-U web login screen to LDAP authentication was allowing characters that were not sufficiently sanitized," SolarWinds  said  in an advisory, adding it "updated the input mechanism to perform additional validation and sanitization." The IT management software maker also pointed out that "no downstre...

Active Directory (AD) is a powerful authentication and directory service used by organizations worldwide. With this ubiquity and power comes the potential for abuse. Insider threats offer some of the most potentials for destruction. Many internal users have over-provisioned access and visibility into the internal network. Insiders' level of access and trust in a network leads to unique vulnerabilities. Network security often focuses on keeping a threat actor out, not on existing users' security and potential vulnerabilities. Staying on top of potential threats means protecting against inside and outside threats. Active Directory Vulnerabilities From the outside, a properly configured AD domain offers a secure authentication and authorization solution. But with complex social engineering and phishing email attacks, an existing AD user can become compromised. Once inside, threat actors have many options to attack Active Directory. Insecure Devices With "Bring Your Own ...

What is Wireshark? Wireshark is the world's most popular network protocol analyzer. It is used for troubleshooting, analysis, development and education. What's New Bug Fixes The following vulnerabilities have been fixed. See the security advisory for details and a workaround. o Huzaifa Sidhpurwala of the Red Hat Security Response Team discovered that Wireshark could free an uninitialized pointer while reading a malformed pcap-ng file. (Bug 5652) Versions affected: 1.2.0 to 1.2.14 and 1.4.0 to 1.4.3. CVE-2011-0538 o Huzaifa Sidhpurwala of the Red Hat Security Response Team discovered that a large packet length in a pcap-ng file could crash Wireshark. (Bug 5661) Versions affected: 1.2.0 to 1.2.14 and 1.4.0 to 1.4.3. o Wireshark could overflow a buffer while reading a Nokia DCT3 trace file. (Bug 5661) Versions affected: 1.2.0 to 1.2.14 and 1.4.0 to 1.4.3. CVE-2011-07...

In today's rapidly evolving cyber threat landscape, organizations face increasingly sophisticated attacks targeting their applications. Understanding these threats and the technologies designed to combat them is crucial. This article delves into the mechanics of a common application attack, using the infamous Log4Shell vulnerability as an example, and demonstrates how Application Detection and Response (ADR) technology effectively safeguards against such zero-day threats. View the Contrast ADR white paper The anatomy of a modern application attack: Log4Shell To illustrate the complexity and severity of modern application attacks, let's examine an attack against the infamous Log4Shell vulnerability ( CVE-2021-44228 ) that sent shockwaves through the cybersecurity world in late 2021. This attack is a prime example of attack chaining, leveraging JNDI Injection, Expression Language (EL) Injection and Command Injection. Technology note : The CVE program catalogs, which publicly...