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Non-Human Access is the Path of Least Resistance: A 2023 Recap

Non-Human Access is the Path of Least Resistance: A 2023 Recap

Dec 12, 2023 Cybersecurity / GenAI Security
2023 has seen its fair share of cyber attacks, however there’s one attack vector that proves to be more prominent than others - non-human access. With  11 high-profile attacks in 13 months  and an ever-growing ungoverned attack surface, non-human identities are the new perimeter, and 2023 is only the beginning.  Why non-human access is a cybercriminal’s paradise  People always look for the easiest way to get what they want, and this goes for cybercrime as well. Threat actors look for the path of least resistance, and it seems that in 2023 this path was non-user access credentials (API keys, tokens, service accounts and secrets).  “ 50% of the active access tokens connecting Salesforce and third-party apps are unused. In GitHub and GCP the numbers reach 33%.” These non-user access credentials are used to connect apps and resources to other cloud services. What makes them a true hacker’s dream is that they have no security measures like user credentials do (M...
GitHub Says Hackers Breached Dozens of Organizations Using Stolen OAuth Access Tokens

GitHub Says Hackers Breached Dozens of Organizations Using Stolen OAuth Access Tokens

Apr 16, 2022
Cloud-based repository hosting service GitHub on Friday revealed that it discovered evidence of an unnamed adversary capitalizing on stolen OAuth user tokens to unauthorizedly download private data from several organizations. "An attacker abused stolen OAuth user tokens issued to two third-party OAuth integrators, Heroku and Travis CI, to download data from dozens of organizations, including NPM," GitHub's Mike Hanley  disclosed  in a report. OAuth access tokens are often  used  by apps and services to authorize access to specific parts of a user's data and communicate with each other without having to share the actual credentials. It's one of the most common methods used to pass authorization from a single sign-on ( SSO ) service to another application. As of April 15, 2022, the list of affected OAuth applications is as follows - Heroku Dashboard (ID: 145909) Heroku Dashboard (ID: 628778) Heroku Dashboard – Preview (ID: 313468) Heroku Dashboard – Classi...
GitHub Vulnerability 'ArtiPACKED' Exposes Repositories to Potential Takeover

GitHub Vulnerability 'ArtiPACKED' Exposes Repositories to Potential Takeover

Aug 15, 2024 Cloud Security / DevOps
A newly discovered attack vector in GitHub Actions artifacts dubbed ArtiPACKED could be exploited to take over repositories and gain access to organizations' cloud environments. "A combination of misconfigurations and security flaws can make artifacts leak tokens, both of third party cloud services and GitHub tokens, making them available for anyone with read access to the repository to consume," Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 researcher Yaron Avital said in a report published this week. "This allows malicious actors with access to these artifacts the potential of compromising the services to which these secrets grant access." The cybersecurity company said it primarily observed the leakage of GitHub tokens (e.g., GITHUB_TOKEN and ACTIONS_RUNTIME_TOKEN), which could not only give malicious actors unauthorized access to the repositories, but also grant them the ability to poison the source code and get it pushed to production via CI/CD workflows. Artifacts in...
cyber security

2026 Cloud Threats Report

websiteWizCloud Security / Threat Landscape
80% of cloud breaches still start with the basics - and AI is making them faster. Get insights into the patterns behind today's cloud attacks.
cyber security

Pentest Like Attackers Actually Do. SEC560 at SANSFIRE 2026

websiteSANS InstituteLive Training / Cybersecurity
From Kerberoasting to domain dominance—SEC560 covers the full kill chain. Washington, D.C., July 13.
SaaS Breaches Start with Tokens - What Security Teams Must Watch

SaaS Breaches Start with Tokens - What Security Teams Must Watch

Oct 09, 2025 SaaS Security / Identity Management
Token theft is a leading cause of SaaS breaches. Discover why OAuth and API tokens are often overlooked and how security teams can strengthen token hygiene to prevent attacks. Most companies in 2025 rely on a whole range of software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications to run their operations. However, the security of these applications depends on small pieces of data called tokens. Tokens, like OAuth access tokens, API keys, and session tokens, work like keys to these applications. If a cybercriminal gets hold of one, they can access relevant systems without much trouble. Recent security breaches have shown that just one stolen token can bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA) and other security measures. Instead of exploiting vulnerabilities directly, attackers are leveraging token theft. It’s a security concern that ties into the broader issue of SaaS sprawl and the difficulty of monitoring countless third-party integrations. Recent Breaches Involving Token Theft A lot of real-wo...
Heroku Forces User Password Resets Following GitHub OAuth Token Theft

Heroku Forces User Password Resets Following GitHub OAuth Token Theft

May 05, 2022
Salesforce-owned subsidiary Heroku on Thursday acknowledged that the theft of GitHub integration OAuth tokens further involved unauthorized access to an internal customer database. The company, in an  updated notification , revealed that a compromised token was abused to breach the database and "exfiltrate the hashed and salted passwords for customers' user accounts." As a consequence, Salesforce said it's resetting all Heroku user passwords and ensuring that potentially affected credentials are refreshed. It also emphasized that internal Heroku credentials were rotated and extra detections have been put in place. The attack campaign, which GitHub  discovered  on April 12, related to an unidentified actor leveraging stolen OAuth user tokens issued to two third-party OAuth integrators, Heroku and Travis-CI, to download data from dozens of organizations, including NPM. The timeline of events as shared by the cloud platform is as follows - April 7, 2022  - Threa...
Unpatched Travis CI API Bug Exposes Thousands of Secret User Access Tokens

Unpatched Travis CI API Bug Exposes Thousands of Secret User Access Tokens

Jun 14, 2022
An unpatched security issue in the Travis CI API has left tens of thousands of developers' user tokens exposed to potential attacks, effectively allowing threat actors to breach cloud infrastructures, make unauthorized code changes, and initiate supply chain attacks. "More than 770 million logs of free tier users are available, from which you can easily extract tokens, secrets, and other credentials associated with popular cloud service providers such as GitHub, AWS, and Docker Hub," researchers from cloud security firm Aqua  said  in a Monday report. Travis CI is a  continuous integration  service used to build and test software projects hosted on cloud repository platforms such as GitHub and Bitbucket. The issue, previously reported in 2015 and  2019 , is rooted in the fact that the  API  permits access to historical logs in cleartext format, enabling a malicious party to even "fetch the logs that were previously unavailable via the API." The l...
CISA Warns of Active Exploitation in GitHub Action Supply Chain Compromise

CISA Warns of Active Exploitation in GitHub Action Supply Chain Compromise

Mar 19, 2025 Vulnerability / DevSecOps
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) on Tuesday added a vulnerability linked to the supply chain compromise of the GitHub Action, tj-actions/changed-files, to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog. The high-severity flaw, tracked as CVE-2025-30066 (CVSS score: 8.6), involves the breach of the GitHub Action to inject malicious code that enables a remote attacker to access sensitive data via actions logs. "The tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action contains an embedded malicious code vulnerability that allows a remote attacker to discover secrets by reading actions logs," CISA said in an alert. "These secrets may include, but are not limited to, valid AWS access keys, GitHub personal access tokens (PATs), npm tokens, and private RSA keys." Cloud security company Wiz has since revealed that the attack may have been an instance of a cascading supply chain attack, with unidentified threat actors first compromising the re...
Timehop Hacked — Hackers Stole Personal Data Of All 21 Million Users

Timehop Hacked — Hackers Stole Personal Data Of All 21 Million Users

Jul 09, 2018
And the hacks just keep on coming. Timehop social media app has been hit by a major data breach on July 4th that compromised the personal data of its more than 21 million users. Timehop is a simple social media app that collects your old photos and posts from your iPhone, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Foursquare and acts as a digital time machine to help you find—what you were doing on this very day exactly a year ago. The company revealed on Sunday that unknown attacker(s) managed to break into its Cloud Computing Environment and access the data of entire 21 million users, including their names, email addresses, and approximately 4.7 million phone numbers attached to their accounts. "We learned of the breach while it was still in progress, and were able to interrupt it, but data was taken. Some data was breached," the company wrote in a security advisory posted on its website. Social Media OAuth2 Tokens Also Compromised Moreover, the attackers also got th...
Five Malicious Rust Crates and AI Bot Exploit CI/CD Pipelines to Steal Developer Secrets

Five Malicious Rust Crates and AI Bot Exploit CI/CD Pipelines to Steal Developer Secrets

Mar 11, 2026 Artificial Intelligence / Developer Security
Cybersecurity researchers have discovered five malicious Rust crates that masquerade as time-related utilities to transmit .env file data to the threat actors. The Rust packages, published to crates.io, are listed below - chrono_anchor dnp3times time_calibrator time_calibrators time-sync The crates, per Socket, impersonate timeapi.io and were published between late February and early March 2026. It's assessed to be the work of a single threat actor based on the use of the same exfiltration methodology and the lookalike domain ("timeapis[.]io") to stash the stolen data. "Although the crates pose as local time utilities, their core behavior is credential and secret theft," security researcher Kirill Boychenko said . "They attempt to collect sensitive data from developer environments, most notably .env files, and exfiltrate it to threat actor-controlled infrastructure." While four of the aforementioned packages exhibit fairly straightforward ...
UNC6426 Exploits nx npm Supply-Chain Attack to Gain AWS Admin Access in 72 Hours

UNC6426 Exploits nx npm Supply-Chain Attack to Gain AWS Admin Access in 72 Hours

Mar 11, 2026 DevSecOps / AI Security
A threat actor known as UNC6426 leveraged keys stolen following the supply chain compromise of the nx npm package last year to completely breach a victim's cloud environment within a span of 72 hours. The attack started with the theft of a developer's GitHub token, which the threat actor then used to gain unauthorized access to the cloud and steal data. "The threat actor, UNC6426, then used this access to abuse the GitHub-to-AWS OpenID Connect (OIDC) trust and create a new administrator role in the cloud environment," Google said in its Cloud Threat Horizons Report for H1 2026. "They abused this role to exfiltrate files from the client's Amazon Web Services (AWS) Simple Storage Service (S3) buckets and performed data destruction in their production cloud environments." The supply chain attack targeting the nx npm package took place in August 2025, when unknown threat actors exploited a vulnerable pull_request_target workflow – an attack type ...
Malicious Nx Packages in ‘s1ngularity’ Attack Leaked 2,349 GitHub, Cloud, and AI Credentials

Malicious Nx Packages in ‘s1ngularity’ Attack Leaked 2,349 GitHub, Cloud, and AI Credentials

Aug 28, 2025 AI Security / Cloud Security
The maintainers of the nx build system have alerted users to a supply chain attack that allowed attackers to publish malicious versions of the popular npm package and other auxiliary plugins with data-gathering capabilities. "Malicious versions of the nx package, as well as some supporting plugin packages, were published to npm, containing code that scans the file system, collects credentials, and posts them to GitHub as a repo under the user's accounts," the maintainers said in an advisory published Wednesday. Nx is an open-source, technology-agnostic build platform that's designed to manage codebases. It's advertised as an "AI-first build platform that connects everything from your editor to CI [continuous integration]." The npm package has over 3.5 million weekly downloads. The list of affected packages and versions is below. These versions have since been removed from the npm registry. The compromise of the nx package took place on August 26, 20...
Nearly 100,000 NPM Users' Credentials Stolen in GitHub OAuth Breach

Nearly 100,000 NPM Users' Credentials Stolen in GitHub OAuth Breach

May 27, 2022
Cloud-based repository hosting service GitHub on Friday shared additional details into the theft of its integration OAuth tokens last month, noting that the attacker was able to access internal NPM data and its customer information. "Using stolen OAuth user tokens originating from two third-party integrators, Heroku and Travis CI, the attacker was able to escalate access to NPM infrastructure," Greg Ose said , adding the attacker then managed to obtain a number of files - A database backup of skimdb.npmjs.com consisting of data as of April 7, 2021, including an archive of user information from 2015 and all private NPM package manifests and package metadata. The archive contained NPM usernames, password hashes, and email addresses for roughly 100,000 users. A set of CSV files encompassing an archive of all names and version numbers of published versions of all NPM private packages as of April 10, 2022, and  A "small subset" of private packages from two organiz...
Coinbase Initially Targeted in GitHub Actions Supply Chain Attack; 218 Repositories' CI/CD Secrets Exposed

Coinbase Initially Targeted in GitHub Actions Supply Chain Attack; 218 Repositories' CI/CD Secrets Exposed

Mar 23, 2025 Supply Chain / Vulnerability
The supply chain attack involving the GitHub Action "tj-actions/changed-files" started as a highly-targeted attack against one of Coinbase's open-source projects, before evolving into something more widespread in scope. "The payload was focused on exploiting the public CI/CD flow of one of their open source projects – agentkit, probably with the purpose of leveraging it for further compromises," Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 said in a report. "However, the attacker was not able to use Coinbase secrets or publish packages." The incident came to light on March 14, 2025, when it was found that "tj-actions/changed-files" was compromised to inject code that leaked sensitive secrets from repositories that ran the workflow. It has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-30066 (CVSS score: 8.6). According to Endor Labs, 218 GitHub repositories are estimated to have exposed their secrets due to the supply chain attack, and a majority of the leak...
GitHub Action Compromise Puts CI/CD Secrets at Risk in Over 23,000 Repositories

GitHub Action Compromise Puts CI/CD Secrets at Risk in Over 23,000 Repositories

Mar 17, 2025 Vulnerability / Cloud Security
Cybersecurity researchers are calling attention to an incident in which the popular GitHub Action tj-actions/changed-files was compromised to leak secrets from repositories using the continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) workflow. The incident involved the tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action, which is used in over 23,000 repositories. It's used to track and retrieve all changed files and directories. The supply chain compromise has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2025-30066 (CVSS score: 8.6). The incident is said to have taken place sometime before March 14, 2025. "In this attack, the attackers modified the action's code and retroactively updated multiple version tags to reference the malicious commit," StepSecurity said . "The compromised Action prints CI/CD secrets in GitHub Actions build logs." The net result of this behavior is that should the workflow logs be publicly accessible, they could lead to the unauthorized expo...
Shai-Hulud v2 Spreads From npm to Maven, as Campaign Exposes Thousands of Secrets

Shai-Hulud v2 Spreads From npm to Maven, as Campaign Exposes Thousands of Secrets

Nov 26, 2025 Supply Chain / Malware
The second wave of the Shai-Hulud supply chain attack has spilled over to the Maven ecosystem after compromising more than 830 packages in the npm registry. The Socket Research Team said it identified a Maven Central package named org.mvnpm:posthog-node:4.18.1 that embeds the same two components associated with Sha1-Hulud: the "setup_bun.js" loader and the main payload "bun_environment.js." The company told The Hacker News that org.mvnpm:posthog-node:4.18.1 was the only Java package identified so far. "This means the PostHog project has compromised releases in both the JavaScript/npm and Java/Maven ecosystems, driven by the same Shai Hulud v2 payload," the cybersecurity company said in a Tuesday update. It's worth noting that the Maven Central package is not published by PostHog itself. Rather, the "org.mvnpm" coordinates are generated via an automated mvnpm process that rebuilds npm packages as Maven artifacts. The Maven Central said...
Over 600 Laravel Apps Exposed to Remote Code Execution Due to Leaked APP_KEYs on GitHub

Over 600 Laravel Apps Exposed to Remote Code Execution Due to Leaked APP_KEYs on GitHub

Jul 12, 2025 Application Security / DevOps
Cybersecurity researchers have discovered a serious security issue that allows leaked Laravel APP_KEYs to be weaponized to gain remote code execution capabilities on hundreds of applications. "Laravel's APP_KEY, essential for encrypting sensitive data, is often leaked publicly (e.g., on GitHub)," GitGuardian said . "If attackers get access to this key, they can exploit a deserialization flaw to execute arbitrary code on the server – putting data and infrastructure at risk." The company, in collaboration with Synacktiv, said it was able to extract more than 260,000 APP_KEYs from GitHub from 2018 to May 30, 2025, identifying over 600 vulnerable Laravel applications in the process. GitGuardian said it observed over 10,000 unique APP_KEYs across GitHub, of which 400 APP_KEYs were validated as functional. APP_KEY is a random 32-byte encryption key that's generated during the installation of Laravel. Stored in the .env file of the application, it's used ...
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