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Identity sprawl, agentic AI risk, and the path to NHI governance maturity When security leaders talk about identity risk, the conversation almost always centers on humans: Privileged users, compromised accounts, insider threats. But for most enterprises, the greater risk has already shifted. And it has nothing to do with your employees. Non-human identities (NHIs) — service accounts, API keys, OAuth tokens, SSH keys, RPA bots, cloud workload credentials and AI agents — are the fastest-growing, least-governed attack surface in the modern enterprise. And the industry is beginning to reckon with what that means. $4.88M Global average cost of a data breach — IBM Cost of a Data Breach 2024 The scope of the problem The numbers are striking. Research from Rubrik Zero Labs puts the NHI-to-human identity ratio at 45:1 in the modern enterprise. For cloud-native and DevOps environments, Entro Labs H1 2025 research puts that figure at 144:1.  These identities are not passive: They au...

As SaaS ecosystems expand, not every user is human anymore. AI assistants, automation bots, integration services, and API tokens now perform countless actions across business cloud applications, often with the same or greater access privileges as employees. These non-human identities (NHIs) are silently driving productivity while introducing a new class of risk: unmonitored, long-lived, and often misunderstood access. These machine credentials (service accounts, API keys, OAuth tokens, etc.) are essential for automation and integrations, but their growth far outpaces the oversight and security controls applied to them. The result is a widening visibility gap. A lot of NHI types enjoy broad permissions within SaaS apps, sometimes more privileges than a human user, yet they rarely get the same scrutiny as employee accounts. Over-privilege is common: about one-third of SaaS app integrations have access to sensitive data that exceeds their needs. Let's examine a few notable data brea...