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Category — IBM X-Force
PUBLOAD and Pubshell Malware Used in Mustang Panda's Tibet-Specific Attack

PUBLOAD and Pubshell Malware Used in Mustang Panda's Tibet-Specific Attack

Jun 27, 2025 Vulnerability / Cyber Espionage
A China-linked threat actor known as Mustang Panda has been attributed to a new cyber espionage campaign directed against the Tibetan community. The spear-phishing attacks leveraged topics related to Tibet, such as the 9th World Parliamentarians' Convention on Tibet (WPCT), China's education policy in the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), and a recently published book by the 14th Dalai Lama, according to IBM X-Force. The cybersecurity division of the technology company said it observed the campaign earlier this month, with the attacks leading to the deployment of a known Mustang Panda malware called PUBLOAD . It's tracking the threat actor under the name Hive0154. The attack chains employ Tibet-themed lures to distribute a malicious archive containing a benign Microsoft Word file, along with articles reproduced by Tibetan websites and photos from WPCT, into opening an executable that's disguised as a document. The executable, as observed in prior Mustang Panda atta...
DarkWatchman, Sheriff Malware Hit Russia and Ukraine with Stealth and Nation-Grade Tactics

DarkWatchman, Sheriff Malware Hit Russia and Ukraine with Stealth and Nation-Grade Tactics

May 01, 2025 Malware / Critical Infrastructure
Russian companies have been targeted as part of a large-scale phishing campaign that's designed to deliver a known malware called DarkWatchman . Targets of the attacks include entities in the media, tourism, finance and insurance, manufacturing, retail, energy, telecom, transport, and biotechnology sectors, Russian cybersecurity company F6 said . The activity is assessed to be the work of a financially motivated group called Hive0117, which has been attributed by IBM X-Force to attacks aimed at users in Lithuania, Estonia, and Russia spanning telecom, electronic, and industrial sectors. Then in September 2023, the DarkWatchman malware was once again used in a phishing campaign targeting energy, finance, transport, and software security industries based in Russia, Kazakhstan, Latvia, and Estonia. Russian banks, retailers and marketplaces, telecom operators, agro-industrial enterprises, fuel and energy companies, logistics businesses, and IT firms were singled out again in No...
Alert: New WailingCrab Malware Loader Spreading via Shipping-Themed Emails

Alert: New WailingCrab Malware Loader Spreading via Shipping-Themed Emails

Nov 23, 2023 Malware / Threat Analysis
Delivery- and shipping-themed email messages are being used to deliver a sophisticated malware loader known as  WailingCrab . "The malware itself is split into multiple components, including a loader, injector, downloader and backdoor, and successful requests to C2-controlled servers are often necessary to retrieve the next stage," IBM X-Force researchers Charlotte Hammond, Ole Villadsen, and Kat Metrick  said . WailingCrab, also called WikiLoader, was  first documented  by Proofpoint in August 2023, detailing campaigns targeting Italian organizations that used the malware to ultimately deploy the Ursnif (aka Gozi) trojan. It was spotted in the wild in late December 2022. The malware is the handiwork of a threat actor known as TA544, which is also tracked as Bamboo Spider and Zeus Panda. IBM X-Force has named the cluster Hive0133. Actively maintained by its operators, the malware has been observed incorporating features that prioritize stealth and allows it to ...
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Between Buzz and Reality: The CTEM Conversation We All Need

Between Buzz and Reality: The CTEM Conversation We All Need

Jun 24, 2025Threat Exposure Management
I had the honor of hosting the first episode of the Xposure Podcast live from Xposure Summit 2025. And I couldn't have asked for a better kickoff panel: three cybersecurity leaders who don't just talk security, they live it. Let me introduce them. Alex Delay , CISO at IDB Bank, knows what it means to defend a highly regulated environment. Ben Mead , Director of Cybersecurity at Avidity Biosciences, brings a forward-thinking security perspective that reflects the innovation behind Avidity's targeted RNA therapeutics. Last but not least, Michael Francess , Director of Cybersecurity Advanced Threat at Wyndham Hotels and Resorts, leads the charge in protecting the franchise. Each brought a unique vantage point to a common challenge: applying Continuous Threat Exposure Management (CTEM) to complex production environments. Gartner made waves in 2023 with a bold prediction: organizations that prioritize CTEM will be three times less likely to be breached by 2026. But here's the kicker -...
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